Equality Act 2010 – Simple Guide for Everyone

The Equality Act 2010 is the main law that stops unfair treatment in Britain. It mixes older rules into one easy package so people know their rights at work, school, shops and more.

What the Act Covers

The act protects nine "protected characteristics": age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage or civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation. If you think you've been treated badly because of any of these, the law says you can complain.

It also bans direct discrimination (treating someone less favorably), indirect discrimination (rules that affect a group more than others), harassment and victimisation. Employers must make reasonable adjustments for disabled staff – things like flexible hours or equipment changes – to level the playing field.

How It Affects You

At work, you can expect fair hiring, pay and promotion practices. If a manager refuses a request that would help a disability, that's likely illegal unless it causes undue hardship.

In public services – hospitals, schools, transport – the act means they must be accessible and treat everyone equally. You shouldn’t be turned away from a restaurant because of your race or asked to change your name if you’re transgender.

If you feel something’s wrong, start by talking to the person responsible. Many companies have an equality or HR policy that explains steps to raise concerns. If that doesn’t work, you can contact the Equality Advisory and Support Service (EASS) for free advice.

Should you need to go further, you can make a claim to an Employment Tribunal (for work issues) or an County Court (for other services). The law usually requires you to act within three months of the incident, so don’t wait too long.

The Equality Act also encourages positive action. That means employers can take steps to help groups that are under‑represented, like offering extra training for women in tech or apprenticeships for people with disabilities.

Overall, the act aims to create a fairer society where no one is left behind because of who they are. Knowing your rights helps you spot problems early and speak up before things get worse.

Remember: the law works best when everyone does their part – employers, service providers and individuals alike. By staying informed and speaking out, you help keep the UK moving toward true equality.